"Ok, do you want me to wash you or do you want to wash yourself?" I asked Hayley. "Neither." "That's not an option." "I want nobody to wash me." "Well, if you don't wash yourself, I'll wash you." I started to get the soap. "No! I've already washed myself." "No you haven't, Hayley, don't lie." Hayley smirked. "Yes I have." More firmly: "Hayley, really, it's not nice to tell lies." Disapproving look. She sighed. "Ok, I'll wash myself."
We played a few computer games, first I played a bit of Prince of Persia 3D while she watched and helped, then we switched to her Rugrats game, then to Dragon in a Wagon, where she played the quiz. She knew most of the answers, though some perplexed her, such as "which part of the train is the cowcatcher?" She was very surprised that cows would be on railway lines, but I explained about the big plains in the middle of the country, and how cows might well wander onto the tracks. How fast were the trains going when they pushed cows out of the way with these things, I wonder --- did the cows get hurt? I'll try to find that out later.
Then she drew a picture with the Dragon in a Wagon painting program, a cute picture of a sea with a boat (clipart) and a smiling moon (done with a paintbrush). Unfortunately we can't save or print these pictures, one of the few poor features of this game. While she was drawing, I read the beginning of The Horse and His Boy to her. It kept me occupied, and she could half-listen while she drew. I'm often surprised at how big her vocabulary is; I started to explain "crimson", but she told me she knew what it was. I asked her what the difference between a medal and a medallion was. A medal is something you win, a medallion is a coin. One word in The Horse and His Boy that she asked me about was "indigence". "Hmm. I don't know what that means, actually; let me look it up... It means being very very poor and having nothing at all."
She's lying in bed now. I heard a little sound from her. "Did you say something, my love?" I asked her. "No." I was curious: "Did you sneeze?" She laughed. "No, I said 'chipmunk' because I was making up a story."
11 Dec 1999
We had a bit of a battle of wills this morning. I came over to Kathy's and started to do laundry. I asked Hayley to come down and help me, but she didn't want to. So I asked her to come down and keep me company. She didn't want to do that either. So I told her that if she didn't do things that I wanted to do, I wouldn't do things that she wanted me to do, like play Prince of Persia with her. She waited until I was nearly done, and then stood at the top of the stairs. I told her that didn't count as keeping me company, and she came down a few stairs. I said that still didn't count, and she wouldn't come any further. By that time I'd finished putting in the laundry, so no Prince of Persia today :-/Hayley is getting very into the latest craze: Pokemon. They are saying on TV that Furby will still be bigger than Pokemon this year, but Hayley doesn't think so. She says that there are only forty or fifty different kinds of Furby, but there are a hundred and fifty different Pokemons.
September 1999
24 sept 1999
Tonight I went over and spent the evening with Hayley. She had macaroni and cheese and I had baked beans on pumpernickel. She told us that sometimes at recess some of the girls in her class play a game that they won't let Hayley and Valerie play. We tried to work out with her what the problem was, but it will take some more work.She gave me a belated birthday present: 8 Minute Abs and Arms, an exercise tape. We tried it out, with Kathy helping us by telling us what we were doing wrong --- Kathy takes a lot of exercise classes, so she knows this stuff very well.
After that I definitely needed a bath :-) Hayley and I took a bath together; Kathy thinks Hayley is getting too old for that, but I disagreed, and Kathy accepted. I think in general that americans are more puritanical about things related to sexuality, so this kind of difference between us is fairly common; we try to compromise.
I have lent some of Hayley's games to her teacher to try out, so I brought over some ones that we hadn't tried in a while.
Dinosaur Hunter, made by DK Multimedia, is a really extraordinary program. It is a virtual reality museum, an idea I find excellent; in fact, one of my long-term-projects is to build a virtual reality programming museum. You move around, with eery music in the background. There are podiums with pictures of dinosaurs and text about them. There are various sorts of games; for example, one we played shows six dinosaurs, a T Rex, a triceratops, etc. It also shows track marks for them, and you have to guess which match with which. When you get a match, it pops up a window with some information about the dinosaur. We took the lengths and figured out how big they would be in terms of Kathy's apartment; a Brachiasaurus would be twice as long as the apartment is end-to-end. I like seeing Hayley visualize things like this. One of the exhibits we passed talked about a place in Australia where they have found a site where a very large predator caused about a hundred and fifty small plant-eaters to stampede; they have figured this out from tracks left in the mud, and then fossilized.
I would highly recommend this program for anyone interested in dinosaurs.
Another game we tried again was one my father sent Hayley for her birthday last year. It is called "Dragons!", and is published by Oxford CD-ROM. We didn't like this game much the first time we tried, and this time was no different. You kind of wander around, and there are mildly entertaining animations, but really nothing of any interest. I'd give this one a miss.
October 1999
I was reading to Hayley tonight, and she asked me what "coiner" meant. I explained that some people made coins that looked like real ones, and used them as money. A little later she said to me "Some people make fake coins for kids to play with, I've seen them in CVS" I started to tell her that that was different from forging coins, but I hadn't got more than a couple of words out when she said "I know", and I knew she knew what I had been going to say. Moments like that are really wonderful.
I think you might have birthdays in heaven, but you don't get any older
September 1999
Sunday, 26 September 1999
Hayley beta-testing a game I wrote.
Hayley is really enjoying the virtual reality dinosaur hunt; it is an excellent program. We wandered around the museum a bit and saw a very scary-looking head sticking out in one place; it was a megalosaurus. We compared the megalosaurus to various other dinosaurs (and to a person) to get an idea of size, and read various things about them.
I read to Hayley from her Arabian Nights tales (by Enid Blyton); she likes these stories a lot. They are remarkably convoluted, often with stories inside stories inside stories. Hayley wanted to be reassured that genies were imaginary, and we talked a bit about which parts of the story corresponded to reality (fishermen, people, dogs, etc) and which corresponded to imagination (genies, people turning into dogs, etc). 24 sept 1999 Tonight I went over and spent the evening with Hayley. She had macaroni and cheese and I had baked beans on pumpernickel. She told us that sometimes at recess some of the girls in her class play a game that they won't let Hayley and Valerie play. We tried to work out with her what the problem was, but it will take some more work.
She gave me a belated birthday present: 8 Minute Abs and Arms, an exercise tape. We tried it out, with Kathy helping us by telling us what we were doing wrong --- Kathy takes a lot of exercise classes, so she knows this stuff very well.
After that I definitely needed a bath :-) Hayley and I took a bath together; Kathy thinks Hayley is getting too old for that, but I disagreed, and Kathy accepted. I think in general that americans are more puritanical about things related to sexuality, so this kind of difference between us is fairly common; we try to compromise.
I have lent some of Hayley's games to her teacher to try out, so I brought over some ones that we hadn't tried in a while.
Dinosaur Hunter, made by DK Multimedia, is a really extraordinary program. It is a virtual reality museum, an idea I find excellent; in fact, one of my long-term-projects is to build a virtual reality programming museum. You move around, with eery music in the background. There are podiums with pictures of dinosaurs and text about them. There are various sorts of games; for example, one we played shows six dinosaurs, a T Rex, a triceratops, etc. It also shows track marks for them, and you have to guess which match with which. When you get a match, it pops up a window with some information about the dinosaur. We took the lengths and figured out how big they would be in terms of Kathy's apartment; a Brachiasaurus would be twice as long as the apartment is end-to-end. I like seeing Hayley visualize things like this. One of the exhibits we passed talked about a place in Australia where they have found a site where a very large predator caused about a hundred and fifty small plant-eaters to stampede; they have figured this out from tracks left in the mud, and then fossilized.
I would highly recommend this program for anyone interested in dinosaurs.
Another game we tried again was one my father sent Hayley for her birthday last year. It is called "Dragons!", and is published by Oxford CD-ROM. We didn't like this game much the first time we tried, and this time was no different. You kind of wander around, and there are mildly entertaining animations, but really nothing of any interest. I'd give this one a miss.
Friday, 10 September 1999
Today I came over to look after Hayley while Kathy went shopping for things for Hayley's party tomorrow. I remembered to bring the laptop, but forgot to bring any games... Fortunately Hayley was happy to play perquackey, which I did have. It is interesting playing with her. I set the time limit to an hour so there is no time pressure, and put it on the easiest setting. Then we roll the dice, and I think of words, and give her hints, like "a colour", she found "red". "When a wagon rolls through mud, it makes?" She didn't know the word. "a rut". Back in the old days, sometimes when people got into big arguments, they would settle the argument by standing back to back, each with a gun, walk twenty paces, then turn and shoot at each other. Do you know what that is called? It's a duel. Someone suggested that the hints for perquackey could be the definitions of a word, instead of a partially-elided word. That seems like an excellent idea to me. It might be nice to have levels of rarity for words, so that one could play with dictionaries of easy words or harder words.Wednesday, 8 September 1999
I looked after Hayley this evening while Kathy went out with a friend. At first Hayley was very upset that Kathy had left, and kept repeating that she wanted her mommy, and refusing to do anything I asked her to or to listen to me. Eventually she barricaded herself in her room and cried for a while. I decided to behave as if nothing was wrong, so I put some music on, and ran a bath. I told her I was going to take a bath. "I don't want a bath!" "No, *I*'m taking a bath." "Oh, ok." Sure enough, a few minutes after I had got into the bath, she came shyly in, wrapped in her blanket. "Can I take a bath with you?" Two birds with one stone :-) We had a bath together and then we cooked some pasta. While it was cooking we played a bit of The Playroom, an excellent computer game. The part we were playing was the Mousetrap, a snakes-and-ladders type game. There are huge numbers of variations on this game, but they are all based on a path divided into squares, from the start to the goal, with certain squares jumping you ahead some number, and certain squares moving you back a certain number. Usually these games are played with a roll of a die, but in this version, you roll three nine-sided dice and choose which to play. Hayley is testing my memory. She tells me that she is going to explain about a game she wants me to write for her, and that it starts with "you choose four horses -- I'll tell you the rest tomorrow". It doesn't matter if you forget, I can tell you again. If you have a lot of things on your mind, you'll probably forget, but that's ok. I'll ask you if you had a lot of things on your mind or if you just forgot.Sunday, 5 September 1999
I took Hayley to the cemetary to ride her bike today; that was fun. She is still very afraid of riding; she needs a lot of practice. We talked about a bunch of things. Hayley explained to me that she shouldn't ride on the grass because we should show respect for the dead people in the cemetary. A man was driving around in a car marked Swan Point Cemetary, and I explained to Hayley that he was there to stop people from doing nasty things.H: What nasty things? J: Well, some people actually dig up graves. H: Why? J: Well, they might want to use the skulls as decorations. H: Why don't they use plastic skulls? J: Because people prefer real things to plastic things. H: What other nasty things might people do? J: They might write graffiti on the tombstones. H: What's graffiti? J: Graffiti is writing on walls and things. H: What would they write? J: They might write swear words, or the names of sports teams they like. H: What are swear words? J: Swear words are words like "shit" that you shouldn't use in polite company. Do you know what "shit" means? H: It means like that a really bad thing just happened, like grrrrrrr!. J: Right. It also means poop; a lot of swear words came from bodily functions that people find distasteful.
H: What's the most important organ in your body? J: Well, I think it's the brain. H: Mackenzie says that your heart is the most important organ. J: Well, they are both critical organs -- you can't live without them. Lungs are also critical. H: Fish live without lungs. J: But they have gills; you need something like that to survive. Some animals have both lungs and gills. Do you know what they are called? H: Lizards? J: No, there is a word for all the animals that are like that. H: Amphibians? J: Yes, that's right.
We played velcro darts, gradually moving the line we threw from further back. Each of us wrote down the scores the other made, which gave Hayley some practice with her digits, which she often writes backwards. A little later she asked for something to do, and I suggested she practice writing digits, from 0 to 9. She agreed, and asked me to grade each one with the ABCDF grading system (which she carefully explained to me :-) She took three rounds to get all As, at which point she was satisfied.
August 1999
Saturday, 28 August 1999
Kathy and Hayley and I went to another WaterFire today. We had all been before, but at this one they had a
human statue,
a juggler on stilts and a bunch of
talking heads that scared Hayley :-)
We parked on the East Side and took the trolley down to the waterfront; the trolleys look like old-fashioned trolleys, and sound like them (they ring a big bell periodically) but they don't run on tracks.
Hayley is still very shy in crowds. She was pretty shy even at the birthday party we went to earlier today, with other kids not much older than she was. Kathy had brought Hayley's bike in the trunk, but when I started to get it out, she became frantic:
H: Put it back, put it back! J: Why? H: Because! The other kids will laugh at it. It's too foofy! [foofy is a local expression (afaik) that means frilly, girlish, effeminate] J: No it's not. Hey, Brandon, do you think this bike is too foofy? B: No. J: Ashley, do you think there's anything wrong with this bike? A: No, but maybe it's a bit small for her.We talked about bike sizes for a bit, and Hayley seemed to become confident enough that she rode her bike for the rest of the afternoon. I saw a similar thing with her dread of taking a Barney towel to a swimming party; she was convinced the other kids would make fun of her, though in practice I don't think they would have. The place where we were is a good place for kids to learn to bike and skate and so on; it is a cul-de-sac down which no-one drives except with extreme caution; there are just three houses along it. Hayley wanted to start riding up-hill rather than down. She was almost, but not quite, able to pedal up the hill on her own. I'm not sure she understands how torque is different at different angles of the pedals yet. At one point one of the people at the party wanted to leave, so they started up their car; Hayley was terrified of this, and flatly refused to start riding until the car was gone. Some amount of fear is good, I suppose, but I think she is a little over-afraid of some things.
Friday, 27 August 1999
Today I got out of work a bit early and went over to see Hayley. Hayley and Jessica were playing, and were delighted to have me join in. They each had troups of dinosaurs, and I selected a half-dozen young triceratops and a couple of velociraptors. All the animals were gathered around in a big ring, like at a circus. Jessica took over one of my velociraptors and made it fight with mine. I did a sort of Monty Python peasant voice, and tried to get out of fighting, but she was very determined. Eventually we "fought" a bit and then I made my velociraptor keel over. Medically savvy dinosaurs were rushed to the scene, where they just managed to keep the velociraptor alive long enough to patch him up.I asked Hayley and Jessica if they would like to try a computer game I wrote. They thought this sounded fun, so I started perquackey for them. Jessica hadn't used a touch-pad before, so she was a bit clumsy with that at first, but she soon got the hang of it. Both she and Hayley had a very hard time finding words from the letters, even on the easiest setting, though there were many words that they knew. Eventually I started telling them words, and helping them spell them out. English spelling really is baroque. Plaits. Good grief :-)
Jessica said to me: "you're very creative. You should sell this game." I'm trying :-)
July 1999
Monday, 26 July 1999
Today I picked Hayley up from camp. She is really loving her camp; it seems to be doing her a lot of good athletically, and I am sure that it is good for her to spend time with both boys and girls. There is the (I think unavoidable) rivalry between boys and girls --- Hayley's latest chant is:Girls go to college To get more knowledge. Boys go to Jupiter To get more stupider.Grammar aside, I liked it, but apparently the boys had come up with it first, and the girls had just reversed the roles :-/
They are divided into "tribes" in their camp; each tribe picks its name and I think makes up a song. Hayley's tribe is the "Bouncing Bobcats".
Hayley is getting remarkably good at hoola-hooping; she can keep it up for a minute and a half sometimes. I can't manage more than four or five seconds, but as Hayley pointed out, maybe I need a bigger hoop :-))
We played in the yard with Jessica, an eight-year old who often comes to visit her grandmother, who lives above Kathy and Hayley. Jessica seems like a really nice kid; very amiable but still strong-willed, amongst other things. Hayley and Jessica play a lot together, but quite often Hayley will want Jessica to play in some way that Jessica doesn't want, and Hayley will end up crying (mostly in frustration, I think). It breaks my heart to see her devastated, but it's hard to take too seriously when the issue is whether someone touched first base or not :-)
I gave her a bath --- it's amazing how much dirtier she gets at camp than at school --- and then read her some more of the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. She seems to be liking the Narnia chronicles a lot. When we got to the part where the children and the beavers are expecting to hear the Witch's sled pulled by reindeer, they instead hear another sled pulled by reindeer. Who could that be? I asked her -- shrug, blank look. He had a red suit and a big white beard. Santa Claus! I don't think I found Santa Claus out of place when I first read the Narnia chronicles, but I think if I had first read them as an adult I would have.
May 1999
Saturday, 12 June 1999
A little while ago I got Hayley a little quiz game called Brain Quest (1st grade), which consists of two packs of 37 cards, each with five questions on it, from the categories reading, math, vocabulary, social studies and science, grab bag; examples are:- R: Spell the word that means the opposite of yes. "N, O."
- No trouble with this.
- M: What coin is the same as 25 cents? "A quarter."
- She had no idea.
- V: When I take a photo, do I use a comma or a camera? "A camera."
- No trouble.
- S: What does U.S.A. stand for? "United States of America."
- She didn't know this.
- G: What color is a slice of pineapple? "Yellow."
- No trouble.
- R: Fix this sentence: 'I is thirsty'. "I am thirsty."
- No trouble.
- M: Which is round, a triangle or a sphere? "A sphere."
- No trouble. I was surprised she knew the word 'sphere'.
- V: When a toy is very small, is it 'tidy' or 'tiny'? "Tiny."
- No trouble. When I asked her what 'tidy' meant, she told me "it's when everything is picked up neatly."
- S: Name the first and last months of the year. "January, December."
- No trouble.
- G: Continue this rhyme: 'Star light, star bright, first star I see...' "Tonight."
- She knew this, and said that everyone would know that. I told her that really only people who had grown up like her would; we didn't have time to go further into this, but I thought it was interesting that she clearly has a notion (albeit not very correct) of what is general knowledge. I should explore that further some time.
We played in the yard for a bit yesterday, as it was a really nice day. First we skipped for a bit; Hayley isn't too great at skipping yet --- she could usually only do four or five skips before failing, but she was much more good-humoured about it than I expected, which is great. Perhaps school is helping her in this regard. We also played baseball a bit; she still has some trouble swinging the bat, but manages to hit the ball quite often (we tried with a little plastic baseball, but ended up with a medium-size beach ball).
April 1999
Monday, 12 April 1999
Hayley decided to alphabetize her computer game CDs. She clearly understands the algorithm; when the first letters are the same, compare on the next letters. The land before time activity center goes before the land before time animated moviebook; she pointed out to me that the titles were the same, so she used the other words on the cover.We have been playing Myst a little; Hayley likes the music and pictures, and the general idea of exploring, but we haven't got very far yet.
Wednesday, 7 April 1999
Today I babysat Hayley while Kathy went out with a friend. We played soccer in the yard for a bit; I explained the basic rules to her, surprised at myself for not having done so before (I guess we don't go out very much with balls; we should do so more). We set up a couple of chairs to make mini-goals and decided on the boundaries. Hayley wanted the whole available area to be the field, but I wanted to show her how corners and throw-ins (what are they called?) worked. Her strategy isn't always very good :-) she will sometimes abandon the ball and run back to defend her goal for no particular reason. The goals were so small that with someone in front of them there was no way to score, so I'd have to lure her out of the way and then sneak back. We both had lots of fun. I hope she gets some kind of team game like that at school; this year they have gym classes, but don't seem to do a very great deal in them.I gave Hayley a bath, and she gave her doll a bath; this provided a good bargaining point to get her to wash her hair --- I told her that she could wash the baby's hair with shampoo if she washed her hair first. After she had washed her hair I squirted a tiny dab of shampoo into my palm and held it out for her to take and put on the baby's head. Instead she dunked the baby's head in my palm like it was a cheese-dip, which made us both roar with laughter.
I read Hayley one of her Pooh books at bedtime; it wasn't one of the AA Milne ones, but written by someone else. When I pointed this out Hayley was quite surprised, and wondered how the other person had known about Pooh. I told her that presumably he had read AA Milne's books.
March 1999
Sunday, 28 March 1999
Here is a watercolor Hayley made a few weeks ago.
Wednesday, 17 March 1999
My mother arrived on Monday for a two-week visit; she hadn't seen Hayley for three years! I hope I'll be able to take Hayley to Europe soon.My mother looked after Hayley while I went to work, and had some entertaining stories afterwards. They were playing a rugrats game which involves balancing plastic coins on a wobbling tower. Each person spins a spinner that indicates where on the tower to put the coins and how many to put on. If any coins fall off during your turn, you keep them. Each player starts with ten coins, and the first to get rid of all their coins wins.
Apparently when Hayley had added some coins and the tower looked like it might shed a few, she would urge my mother to spin, spin! At another time while my mother was adding coins Hayley started singing. My mother asked her why, and she answered "because sometimes noise makes them fall."
Hayley was very surprised at one point to see drops of water falling slowly from the roof (we had a heavy snow that is melting), and she exclaimed "slow rain!"
At one point Hayley was playing on the floor in the kitchen, and my mother turned the vacuum on behind her, thinking Hayley would be used to it (a foolish assumption :-) Hayley was so scared she literally jumped onto the table (a low kids table), and cowered there on all fours! This reminds me of an entertaining story when she was two and a bit
February 1999
Thursday, 25 February 1999
We are having quite a heavy snowstorm, so Hayley's school was cancelled today. Kathy's work was not, so I arranged to work from home, and looked after Hayley until Kathy got out. I don't get much work done while Hayley is here, so I'll be working late again tonight :-) It's nice to work for a company that is so flexible about hours.Today Hayley was a wolf, or a fox, at different times... I was supposed to be a 7-year old who was scared of wolves and foxes, and the 7-year-old's mother, who would explain that wolves and foxes didn't usually hurt people. She made herself a den by rearranging the couch cushions, and periodically I would discover the den and be scared by the wolves in there. Apparently it wasn't actually her own den; it belonged to some tarantulas who were renting it to her. At one point I heard her discussing the rent payment with the tarantulas; $25 seemed like a pretty good bargain.
We went outside to shovel the snow in the afternoon. It is very light powdery snow, good for making snow-shapes, for the first time in ages. After shoveling the snow from the sidewalk into the yard, we started to make a snow-castle in the yard, though we only have a base so far. I say we, though really I was the one making the castle --- Hayley spent the whole time delightedly gathering handfuls of snow and throwing them at me. The snow was so fluffy she got most of it back on herself, but she didn't seem to mind this.
I have been clearing out some storage cupboards, and I came across an exercise machine I got a few years ago. I don't remember how to use it myself, but it turned out to be a great mini jungle-gym for Hayley; we set it up so there was a bar she could swing herself around on. I am a bit concerned about her lack of athleticism; she doesn't like swinging herself around on the bars at the gym at her school, for example; she says it makes her feel sick. I said that it did give you a funny feeling in your stomach, but it had never made me feel sick. She won't let me swing her upside-down, and won't even sit on my shoulders any more, as she is too scared. I think part of the problem is just that because I don't see her that much, we haven't had enough time for the usual rough-and-tumble that kids get in a two-parent family. I have been trying to do more outdoor things with her, but it is often hard to get her to go outside, especially with the kind of weather we have had --- too cold to be out for long, but not enough snow to have fun with.
Here is a book Hayley made with Imagination Express a few weeks ago. Here is the text (I am just transcribing the text for data for a vocabulary graph I hope some day to make).
Page 1: Learning about Whales.
Page 2: Whales can get pinched by crabs but they do not care. Sometimes they can even get pinched.
Page 3: Sometimes dolphins stick their fins up too high. This means they are getting some air into their body. If they stick their fins down low it means they are getting cold air into their body.
Page 4: Sometimes the whales grow a little too big for their oceans. But they sometimes go to another ocean. Of course, it has to be bigger.
Page 5: Sometimes the crabs run away from their parents.
Page 6: When the baby dolphins are first born, if it's just one, they stay near their mother or their big sister. Or, if two are born, then they stay near each other.
Page 7: The End.
Tuesday, 2 February 1999
I picked Hayley up from school today and we have been making snakes out of packing foam and tape. Hayley always likes to make families of things; here there is a mother, a father and four baby snakes.She is eating her dinner as a dog, naked, with her plate of cheese and tomatoes and crackers on the floor, with a bowl of beans, and her drink in a bowl also. It doesn't make for very efficient eating, but whatever.
She just came trotting in (on all fours) with a cracker in her mouth to play in the living room while she eats. If she was with me all the time I would insist on a bit more decorum, but I figure she gets enough of the standard family values at Kathy's house. I don't think it really spoils her to let her let her imagination loose.
On Friday is a father-daughter dance at her school; it will be her first formal dance :-). At first she was hesitant about going, but then she decided she definitely wanted to go, as most of her friends were. We went to get her a dress for it the other day; she looks adorable, clunking around in her slightly high heels :-)
We've tried some new games lately, but not great ones. I bought her "Let's Go Read", and she likes some parts of it, but some are dreadfully boring. We have had problems with the sound cards and this game, too.
Jak
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~jak/people/hayley/diary/1999.html
Created: 2 Feb 1999